Zulqarnain – The King who ruled the World. Zulqarnain’s kingdom was a Superpower on Earth!

Zulqarnain was a Muslim ruler who ruled over the entire world. His kingdom was an unchallenged superpower, with technology that allowed him to travel and conquer every nation on Earth. He used his power to punish the wicked and reward the righteous, cementing his place as one of history’s great heroes.

The story of Hazrat Zulqarnain is mentioned in both the Torah and the Quran in Surah Al-Kahf by the Almighty Allah (swt), and it concerns an evil wild, the cruel and barbarian tribe called Yajuj and Majuj (Gog & Magog). This legend dates back to ancient times, long before our current era.

Hazrath Zulqarnain (PBUH) and Prophet Sulaiman (PBUH) were the two believer kings who governed the Entire Earth. And Nebuchadnezzar (Bukht-un-Nasr in 605-562 B.C.) and Namrood (both Babylonian kings in present-day Iraq and parts of Syria) were the two disbelievers who governed the entire Earth too.”

Some Islamic thinkers believe that the Zulqarnain mentioned in the Quran is the Greek conqueror Alexander the Great. However, there seems to be a logical opinion that this could be Cyrus II of Persia (600 – 530 BC). Alexander the Great was a pagan and believed in Grecian Gods.” An earlier pre-historic king who was coincident with Abraham (PBUH) and due to his faithfulness being praised in verses 18:88-98 of the Quran. 

A learned clergyman in Iran, Ayatullah Al-Tabatabai and Ayatullah Makarem Shirazi believed that Cyrus the Great could be Zulqarnain because The Quran’s Zulqarnain was God-revering and a monotheist, and so was Cyrus. 

In the 19th century, a statue of Cyrus was discovered near the river of “Morghab” (Afghanistan & Turkmenistan) which is relatively large compared to other statues from that era. The sculpture featured two spread wings similar to those of an eagle and a crown with two horns like those of a ram. German historians and Scientists travelled to Iran specifically to see this statue, as it is one of only a few such specimens remaining. After examining traits mentioned in the Holy Book alongside what was seen on the statue, they determined why Cyrus was called Zulqarnain (The bearer of two horns), and why his statue had wings like those of an eagle. All these clues led them towards understanding who Zulqarnain was – Cyrus the Great!

Historians have also noted some moral attributes of Cyrus. For instance, Herodotus, the Greek historian writes: “Cyrus was a generous and kind king who did not concern himself with accumulating wealth like other kings”. Other authors have written about him in similar terms, praising his intelligence and virtue as well as his leadership skills and determination. He had high levels of self-confidence but was also humble and introspective; humility ranked above pride for him.

Abul Kalam Azad, the cultural minister of India, wrote a book about Zulqarnain describing his style of government, ideology and how he travelled the world. He attempted to prove that Zulqarnain and Cyrus the Great were the same. However, no historical figure has been able to identify a similar name or word associated with either man.

Hazrath Khizr (PBUH) was His maternal cousin, and the era of Zulqarnain coincides with the Lut (PBUH) and Ibrahim (PBUH). He was well known for his secularity, organizing the governmental duties, being efficiently equipped with the provisions of a journey, being fond of searching the spot of sunset and building the Barrier of Yajuj & Majuj.

Many hadiths tell us that Zulqarnain was not a prophet but a righteous servant of Allah (swt). Imam Baqir (PBUH) has been reported as saying: “Zulqarnain wasn’t a prophet but was a righteous servant of Allah (swt) that He loved.” Allah (SWT) says: “I have bestowed Zulqarnain everything knowledge, power, kingdom, the means, and resources, to bring into perfection the real self and the same way he followed the Angel Jibrael (PBUH)”.

No community came in contact with him, He invited them towards truth. Zulqarnain was satisfied with those who accepted faith but appointed darkness upon those who refused to believe. The darkness would darken their cities, villages, houses, and buildings. It penetrated and filled their nose, mouth, and bellies. They remained in a state of shock for some time and then ultimately accepted the invitation towards belief. They came in submission to him at last.

The Prophet Mohammed’s (PBUH) Successor Imam Ali (PBUH) once said: “Allah (SWT) made clouds timid for him (Zulqarnain) in a manner that he could ride on it, and He made everywhere bright for him so that the night and day became the same for him.” He was bestowed with such strength and splendour that no one can achieve except by the Grace of Allah (SWT). Historians and interpreters say Zulqarnain had two horns on his head, which means – strength and power, and the possessor of significant influence on his kingdom.

The term /qarn/ has two primary meanings: long time and animal horn. Zulquarnain was so named because either his rule lasted a very long time, or he had braided hair like an animal’s horns, or there were horns on his hat. The objective meaning of the term may also refer to east and west as Arabs often say Qarni-ash-Sham which means “two horns of the sun,” intending East and West (of the world). Since then, he travelled through both eastern lands and western territories during his lifetime. He was called ‘Zulqarnain’

Allah (SWT) gave him special abilities and power over light and darkness. His horns emitted darkness, thunder, and lightning and all those who were inimical to him who tried to oppose were instantly killed. As per Torah Zulqarnain lived for 3000 years. Muslims say He lived for 1500 years. He loved Allah (SWT) and Allah (SWT) loved him. 

They were four persons who ruled as kings: Prophet Nuh (PBUH), Zulqarnain (PBUH), Prophet Dawood (PBUH), and Prophet Sulaiman (PBUH) respectively. Zulqarnain ‘s army was incredibly powerful and immensely mighty; he was a great leader. During all of his travels, he led his troops alongside them and after his death, the country was divided into Egypt, Greece, Syria and the West.

Zulqarnain improved living conditions and appointed kings to every country, giving them nominal authority under his rule. These rulers were responsible for managing the people within their respective jurisdictions as directed by Zulqarnain.

Zulqarnain in 2128 BC reached the west where he watched the sunset and lived there for a year and went from there to Europe and then to Siberia and made the east and west habitable.

Imam Ali (PBUH) said: The place where Zulqarnain saw the sun drowning in the hot spring, was Balqa (It is located northwest of Amman, Jordan’s capital.). He became the king after the torment of the flood in the period of Nuh (PBUH) and lived for 200 years.

Zulqarnain travelled extensively throughout his life, ruling with justice and guidance. There was not any king or ruler except that they submitted to him, allowing him to rule over them. This was a dominance Allah (SWT) granted him to benefit of all creation not to cause corruption. He was granted great resources such as an army, wisdom, knowledge, and technology by Allah (SWT).

Unlike many rulers in history who conquered for personal gain and hunger for power, Zulqarnain was motivated by a sincere desire to please The Almighty God. He knew the importance of expressing appreciation and understood that genuine happiness comes from fulfilling one’s obligations.

The Prophet of Islam Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) said: “Zulqarnain was a righteous man whom Allah (SWT) had appointed as His proof upon the people. He enjoined his people to piety. He called the people towards true faith. And told them to refrain from sins. It happened that people knocked on one side of his head with a sword and he disappeared from among them until they began to think that he died. Although he had gone into the wilderness. Then he reappeared and returned to the people and repeated his invitation. Again, the unjust People struck another knock on the other side of his head. After 500 years he once again returned and invited the people. Allah (SWT) bestowed him the kingdom that stretched from the East to the West.”

“Indeed, there is a man among you like Zulqarnain,” added the Prophet (PBUH), then he said, “The Almighty Allah (SWT) settled him in the Earth and imparted him control on everything. He reached the east and west extremities of the earth. The Almighty would very soon give similar power to one of my descendants that is Al-Qaim (The Mehdi). He would also conquer the east and the west, and would not leave unconquered a single field, desert, or mountain that Zulqarnain had. The Almighty will reveal the hidden treasures and mines for him and instil his fear in the hearts of people. He would fill the earth with justice and equity in the same way as it would be filled with injustice and oppression.”

Zulqarnain departed for the West end of the earth. As he traversed the lands, he raised a scream like the roar of a lion. In a single day, he reached the end of the earth before the Sun could reach the West. (Before Sunset). All the people of the East and the West became subservient to his command as mentioned by Allah (SWT): “Verily We did make him mighty in earth and We granted him the means to everything. So, he followed a course.” – (Quran 18: 84:85). This indicates that his kingdom was technologically the most advanced empire of its time. 

Ibn Babawayh narrated from ‘Abdullah bin Sulayman that, “Zulqarnain belonged to Alexandria. His elderly mother also resided in the same city, and he was her only son. Throughout his childhood, he was kind-hearted, well-mannered, good-natured and possessed of pure character. However, until adulthood, he had a recurring dream in which he controlled both the Qarneys and edges (sides) of the sun. When Zulqarnain shared this dream with his people, they named him ‘Zulquarnain’ meaning “the possessor of two sides/edges”.

Following his dream, he became more courageous and famous among his people. Because he was obedient to the Lord of Scholars and a Muslim, the first thing he did after acquiring these new skills was call for Muslims to come together in unity. The majority of the population accepted Islam due to his powerful presence and dominant personality. He then ordered that a mosque be built so that everyone could worship as they saw fit. They readily agreed with him without hesitation. 

Zulqarnain said that the length of the Mosque should be 400 hands and the breadth 200 hands. Each of the walls should be 22 hands thick and 100 hands high. The people asked him where they can obtain wood that can bear the weight of the walls. And the wood that shall serve as the foundation of these walls. The people also had no idea how they would be able to construct such a high ceiling. Zulqarnain told them that when they finish the construction of two wells, they should fill them with mud and earth until the upper edges of the walls. Then they should collect gold and silver according to the capacity of the people. The gold and silver (powder) should be mixed thoroughly with the earth filled in the Mosque.

After this, the ceiling can be laid upon the walls. It may consist of copper or brass, or any other material selected by the people. After the ceiling is complete the poor and needy people can be permitted to carry out the mud from within. Since it would contain gold and silver filings, the needy people will be eager to participate in the emptying of the mud.

Thus, the people followed the directions of Zulqarnain. The Mosque was built, and the ceiling was constructed. The needy people earned gold and silver and became self-sufficient.

Zulqarnain divided his army into four battalions. Each battalion consisted of 10,000 soldiers. Then he spread them in different towns and decided to visit different places. When his people learnt of the intention, they came to him together and said, “Zulqarnain! By Allah we assure you, you shall never be deprived of our service. So do not go and settle in some other city because we are more entitled to your company. You were born at this place and bred and brought up here. All our wealth and property are for your sake. Order us whatever you want. Your mother has also become aged. She has more rights to you than any other person. It is not appropriate that you disobey and oppose her.”

“By Allah!” said Zulqarnain, “What you say is true. Your advice is reasonable. But my condition is that of a person whose heart, eyes and flesh have been possessed. Murder is in front of him and he is chased from behind. He does not know where he is being taken and for what purpose. But come! Let us all enter this mosque together and (you all) become Muslims. Do not oppose or you shall be destroyed.” He summoned the villagers and the wealthy ones of Alexandria and advised them to frequent the Mosque and consoled his mother on his separation.

After these requests and advice, Zulqarnain departed from his city. His mother was aggrieved and wept much. Her weeping did not decrease even with time. A villager thought of a scheme to console the old woman. He organized a grand feast and commissioned a town crier to inform the villagers of it. All the people were invited. But on the appointed day it was announced that only those who have not suffered any grief can participate in the feast. Only those who are immune from every difficulty and distress may attend. The people stood up and said, “None of us is free of troubles and stress. All of us have suffered the sorrow of the death of some friend or relative. When the mother of Zulqarnain heard all these, she found it interesting, but she was unaware of the intention of the villager who had organized the event.

After a few days, the same villager organized a feast. This time he told the town crier to announce that only those people can attend who have some problem or the others. Those who are free from troubles cannot attend the feast. And neither can those who are not aggrieved or sorrowful. Because one who has no trouble has no goodness.

When the people heard this announcement, they remarked that the villager had previously acted miserly and that now he had regretted his mistake and wished to rectify himself and conceal his defect. The people gathered and this villager delivered a sermon. He said, “I have not called you for a feast. I wish to speak about Zulqarnain. And discuss the grief that we all experience due to his absence, and the fact that we are not able to serve him.

Remember Adam whom Allah (swt) created by his powerful hands and blew His spirit into him. Then He ordered the Angels to prostrate before him. He settled Adam in the Garden and bestowed him with the virtues not bestowed on any other creature. Then He subjected him to the most severe calamity and sent him out of the Garden. No difficulty is as serious as that of Adam. Then Ibrahim (PBUH) underwent the torment of being thrown into the fire and of obeying the command to slaughter his son – Yaqub faced sorrow, and Yusuf (PBUH) bore the trouble of being enslaved. Ayyub (PBUH) was subjected to a terrible disease. Yahya was afflicted and Zakariyya was martyred. Isa (PBUH) was arrested – Except Allah (SWT) no one knows the number of people who have suffered something or the other. Come let us go and console the mother of Zulqarnain. Let us see how much patience she has. Because she is the most aggrieved one due to her son’s separation.”

So, all the people went to the old lady and asked if she had attended the gathering and heard the sermon. She said that she saw everything that had occurred and heard every word of the speech.

“There was no one among you who was more aggrieved than me,” she said. “Now Allah has given me patience and satisfied me. He has strengthened my heart. I have faith that my reward shall be proportionate to my grief. And hope for the reward that you deserve instead of your sorrow for your brother. And I also hope for the reward that you have earned for consoling and comforting his mother, and hope that Allah would forgive me and you all and have mercy on you and me.”

The people witnessed the formidable patience of this wise lady they returned to their homes. Zulqarnain continued to travel towards the west and had come quite far. Hence by this time, his soldiers were weary and dishevelled. The Almighty sent him a revelation that he was the Proof of Allah (SWT) upon all the creatures of the east and the west. And that it was the interpretation of his dream.

“My Lord! You wish to give me such a great responsibility and except for You no one is aware of its greatness,” said Zulqarnain. “How can I face and vanquish the great army without proper manpower and equipment? How can I make them obedient to me? Where is the patience to bear their oppression? Where is the tongue to speak to them? How can I understand the various languages? Where is the hearing capability to listen to them? Where are the eyes to see them and where is the courage to confront them? Where is the perception to understand their desires? Where is the wisdom to solve their problems? Where is the forbearance to bear their injustices and remain patient? Where is the justice to judge them? Where is the recognition (Marefah) to rule over them? Where is the army to conquer them? Verily! I do not possess a single quality.

Hence bestow me power over them. Certainly, you are a Kind Lord. You do not impose a duty beyond one’s capacity. Neither do You impose a burden exceeding one’s strength?”

The Almighty revealed to him that he would be given the strength and power soon to carry out the responsibility entrusted to him. The Lord said, “I shall expand your breast so that you can hear everything and widen your understanding. So that you understand everything. I shall bestow the power to your tongue so that you can speak to everything. I shall make the affairs easy for you. You will not lose anything, and I will guard your affair. So that nothing is hidden from you. I shall strengthen your back so that you are not fearful of any kind of danger. I wish to bestow such a personality that you will not fear anything. I will make your advice acceptable. So that you may not make a mistake. I shall subdue your body to you so that you can feel every type of emotion. I shall give you authority over light, and darkness and they will serve you as two armies. The light shall guide you and show you the way. The darkness shall protect you and gather the communities from behind you and bring them in front of you.”

Thus, Zulqarnain set out with the message of his Lord. The Almighty helped him and fulfilled all his promises. 

After his excursion to the West and establishing a just religious system there among the inhabitants of the coastline, Zulqarnain made a journey towards the East as well. The holy verse says: “Then he followed (another) course.” Zulqarnain proceeded with his excursion until when he arrived at the last flourishing point of that land, where there was no mountain, no tree, and no structure.

He came across a tribe who were ignorant of the resources to protect themselves from the heat. When the sun rose, they would take refuge in depths of water and places of safety during the day, and when it set, they would start working again. The purpose of this sentence is to show how their lives revolved around passing time without any luxury or facilities.

As Imam Baqir (PBUH) and Imam Sadiq (PBUH) said, they did not know how to build a house, nor did they know how to sew. The sun was shining upon them directly and without any barrier, in a manner that their faces had become black. Zulqarnain made them well acquainted with their every need.

Thus, he completed the conquest of the west. During his campaign, he met so many different tribes that only Allah (SWT) knows the magnitude. He was bestowed with such strength and splendour that no one can achieve except by the Grace of Allah (SWT). 

After crossing many different linguistic areas and encountering various sensualities in the army, his men began to feel alienated from one another. After travelling in darkness for eight days and eight nights, Zulqarnain eventually reached a large mountain. Upon seeing an angel perched on top of it, he was astonished.

Upon hearing these words, Zulqarnain fell to his knees and remained bowed until the Almighty granted him the strength to see what lay beyond humans. The Angel then asked Zulqarnain how he had attained such power that he reached a place no human has ever set foot.

Zulqarnain said, “I have received the capability to reach this place from the same One Who has subdued this mountain to you. One Who surrounds all the earth.”

“You are right,” said the Angel, “If this mountain had not been there the earth would have shaken with its inhabitants and smothered them. There is no mountain larger than this on the face of the earth. And this is the first mountain to have been created by Allah (SWT) for this earth. The peak of this mountain touches the first heaven. Its roots reach up to the seventh layer below the earth and surround the whole earth like a circle. The root (foundations) of every city is connected to this mountain. When Allah (SWT) desires to send an earthquake to a particular area He sends a revelation upon me, and I shake the roots of that area. Thus, the area has an earthquake.”

Before returning, Zulqarnain requested this Angel to give him some moral advice. The Angel said, “Do not be aggrieved for your sustenance. Do not postpone today’s job for tomorrow. Do not shed tears on something that you have lost. Be helpful and hospitable. Do not be insolent. Do not be arrogant and oppressive.”

Zulqarnain eventually heard the advice and followed it. Then he directed his mighty splendour towards East. And whenever he came across people, he invited them towards Allah and guided them in the same way as he had guided the people of the West. He made them obedient like the inhabitants of the western region.

After completing the mission of East and West he turned his attention towards the valley that finds a mention in the Holy Quran. He met people who did not understand any language. Beyond the valley lived another community that was known as Yajuj and Majuj (Gog & Magog).

Although they could not communicate with Zulqarnain, the two parties may have been communicating through subtle body language, some signs, nods, winks, or any other mute sign due to their lack of understanding.

Imam Ali (PBUH) says: “He came across a nation whose bodies and skins were scorched by sunlight. Inhabitants of that area complained to Zulqarnain that Yajuj and Majuj tribes lived between two great mountains and had wreaked havoc on the land. They attack a season of harvest and destroy all the crops and orchards. Shall we assign a yearly tribute so that you might erect a barrier?” They couldn’t speak or understand a word, they managed with mute signs.”

Zulqarnain (PBUH) said to them: ‘(The power) in which my Lord has established me is better (than your tribute), so help me with strength (of men). I will make a barrier between you and them. Bring me Iron slabs.” 

Thus, he overlaid that iron collection, with a cover of copper to protect it from penetration by weather and decay. Agha Pooya says it’s between the mountains of Armenia and Azerbaijan. Thus, He built an incredibly strong Wall with molten Iron and copper between two mountains which, to this day, has blocked the way for Yajuj and Majuj (Gog & Magog) they cannot climb and are not able to make a hole. 

Zulqarnain benefited humanity by protecting oppressed people from the corruption of Yajuj and Majuj. According to the scholars, Yajuj and Majuj (Gog & Magog) are human beings from the children of Adam, however, they are a very corrupt and evil group of people. Due to their tyranny and evil, Zulqarnain was asked to put a barrier between the oppressed and the oppressors. He was even offered this service but recognizing the mercy and blessings of Allah (SWT) upon him, he refused their reward money and helped them with no pay. Thus, Zulqarnain ended the corruption of these helpless people. 

However, it makes clear that even a nation in the state of being retarded can practically prove such an important and marvellous development when they apply the right design, with proper planning, cooperation and administratorship as the key.

Ibn Babawayh mentioned a report from Wahab bin Munabbah that he said, “I have read in some books that when Zulqarnain accomplished the construction of the barrier he returned with his army. On his way, he saw an aged person busy in prayers. Zulqarnain halted near him with his army until he finished his prayers. Zulqarnain asked him, “Why were you not frightened of my army when it stopped near you?”

“I was supplicating the One who has a much more powerful army than yours. And one whose kingdom is much greater than your rule. And one who is much stronger than you. If I had turned my attention towards you, I would not have been able to seek His favour.”

Zulqarnain asked him if he would accompany them so that he can involve him in his administration and seek his help in some affairs. The worshipper agreed but had a condition that Zulqarnain will bestow him four things: “One, a bounty that is never destroyed, secondly, a physical condition that is not affected by any disease. Thirdly, a youth that will never transform into old age. Fourthly, a life that does not end in death. “Who can have control over all this?” asked Zulqarnain. He said, “I am with the One who is having power over all these things and controls all the affairs. You are also in His control.”

Zulqarnain was then passed by a scholar. He asked Zulqarnain, “tell what are those two things that still exist from the time Allah created them? And two things that continue and two things that always come after one another. And those two things are mutual enemies.

Zulqarnain said, “The two things that remain established are the sky and the earth. The two things in motion are the moon and the sun. The two things that follow each other are day and night. The two things that are enemies of each other are life and death.”

“You may proceed on your way. You are a wise man,” said the scholar.

Zulqarnain continued his attack forward in the direction of the West in the same way till he reached the shore of two oceans.

In this regard, there is a difference between the Mufassereen (commentators) that, by oceans is it meant to be the sea of Uqiyanus or it is the Mediterranean and whether the attack by Zulqarnain was to the west to its last limit up to the area of Marakish or up to Azmeer in Turkey.

the Holy Quran also narrates the state and the feelings of Zulqarnain in this way. “He felt that as if the sun is drowning in the dark water.”

It is narrated by Hazrat imam Sadiq (PBUH) that Zulqarnain made a box of glass and stored food pieces of stuff in it and tied a rope around the box and boarded a ship. When he reached the deep waters of the sea, he seated himself in the glass box and gave the other end of the rope which was tied to the box to the captain of the ship and told him: Whenever I began to shake the rope you pull me up. If did not shake it let the rope loose till I continue going deep down the sea.

For forty days he was deep in the sea. One day he saw someone knocking on the box and asking him: O Zulqarnain! Where are you Going? He replied: I want to know how much the depth of the sea and I want to view the kingdom of God in the sea like I observed the earth. He replied: This is the place while Nuh (PBUH) was passing by in his ship, his axe fell down and still it did not reach the bottom of the sea. As soon as he heard it he shook the rope and they pulled him up.

In another narration, it is written that he became the king at the age of 12 and for thirty years he was seated on the throne of the monarch as a king. He performed the hajj along with the six hundred thousand people and there he met Hazrat Ibrahim Khalil Ullah (PBUH) and he went on a walk near the prophet of God to meet him.

Ibrahim (PBUH) asked him: How did you travel around the world? He replied: With these nine resources: Glory be to Him who is eternal and does not perish, Glory be to Him who is a world that does not forget, Glory be to He who is a custodian who does not fall, Glory be to you, Basir La Yertab, Glory be to you, I am the one who protects you, Glory is to you, Glory is to Him who is vast and does not burden, Glory be to Him who is standing and not having fun, & Glory be to Him who is permanent and does not forget.

He is an important figure in benefiting humanity, often unrecognized because of his many contributions that bring benefit to others. Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) said, “All of creation is dependent on Allah, and the most beloved to Him are those who are the most beneficial to others.”

The story of Zulqarnain is an important one, with valuable lessons for us. Among these are the following: Power comes from Allah (SWT), and He grants it to whomever He wills to benefit others. The use of power should not be motivated by self-interest, but instead pursued to benefit those under one’s authority.

The gifts and talents Allah (SWT) has given us should be used for the benefit of others, as this will lead to a closeness to Him and His great rewards in the hereafter. Zulqarnain helped those who were weak and oppressed by defending them, but he also assisted other people in acquiring skills such as carpentry and agriculture. There are many ways we can use our abilities to help others; doing so with sincerity towards Allah (SWT) is an opportunity that may grant great good from him.

While power often corrupts, it is also a means of rectifying the Earth. If you are given any position of power, remember it is only granted to you by Allah (SWT) to test you. You may either prove yourself to be amongst the likes of Zulqarnain or the likes of the corrupt.

May Allah (SWT) by the grace of The Holy Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) & His Pure progeny Ahlulbayt (PBUT) grant us success in every position we may hold in our life to be upright and just and seek the pleasure of Allah (SWT) by it and through it.

Reference: 

Surah AL Kahaf (18:88)

Hayat Al-Qulub Vol.01

Tafseer Muraghi, Part 16, Page 17, 

Tafseer Majmaul Bayan, Vol. 7, Page 490, 

Tafseer Tantavi, Part 9, Page 200. Al Munjid , under the words ‘Ham’aa’ and ‘Aien’. Mufradate Raghib, Qisase Quran, under the word Zulqarnain.

Tafsir-i-Nur-uth-Thaqalayn

The Commentary of Nur-uth-Thaqalayn